1. Consider the following statements about ‘El Nino’:

(1) It is the periodic development of a cold ocean current along the coast of Peru

as a replacement of warm Peruvian current.

(2) Presence of this current leads to a decrease in sea surface temperature and

hence weakening of the trade winds in the region.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Ans: (d) Explanation: El Niño is complex weather phenomenon resulting from variations in ocean temperatures in the Equatorial Pacific region. Statement 1 is incorrect. El Nino is the periodic development of a warm ocean current along the coast of Peru as a replacement of cold Peruvian current. Statement 2 is incorrect. Presence of this current leads to an increase in sea surface temperature and hence weakening of the trade winds in the region. El Nino is a Spanish word meaning ‘child’ referring to the baby Christ as it starts flowing during Christmas.

Source: NCERT class 9th, Page no 30.

2. Consider the following pairs about major landforms:

1. Stacks : Work of glaciers

2. Mushroom : Work of wind rocks

3. Levees : Work of sea waves

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

(a) 2 only

(b) 1, 2 and 3

(c) 1 and 2 only

Ans: (a) Explanation: Weathering, erosion and deposition are responsible for formation of several types of landforms. Different weathering agents create different features on land and ocean bottoms. Work of a river : Flood plain, Ox bow lakes, meanders, Levees, waterfalls Work of sea waves : Sea caves, arches, stacks, cliffs Work of wind : Mushroom rocks, sand dunes, loess Work of glacier : Moraines

Source: NCERT class 7th, page no 15, 16, 17.

3. The process of taking out minerals from rocks buried under the earth’s surface is

called mining. Consider the following statements in this context:

(1) For minerals at great depths, deep bores are made through open cast mining.

(2) In shaft mining, minerals that lie at shallow depths are taken out by removing

the surface layer.

(3) In quarrying, minerals at the surface are simply dug out.

Which of the statements given above are incorrect?

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(c) 1 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans: (a) Explanation: A naturally occurring substance that has a definite chemical composition is a mineral. Minerals are not evenly distributed over space. Statement 1 is incorrect. For minerals at great depths, deep bores are made through shaft mining. Statement 2 is incorrect. In open-cast mining, minerals that lie at shallow depths are taken out by removing the surface layer. Statement 3 is correct. In quarrying, minerals at the surface are simply dug out.

Source: NCERT class 8th, page no- 25.

4. Consider the following statements regarding river ‘Indus’ and its tributaries?

(1) Satluj is the largest tributary of river Indus.

(2) Indus river flows in India only through Srinagar district of Jammu & Kashmir.

(3) Chenab is also known as Chandrabhaga.

Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?

(a) 1 only

(b) 3 only

(c) 1 and 2 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans: (c)

Explanation: Statement 1 is not correct-The Chenab is the largest tributary of the Indus. It is formed by two streams, the Chandra and the Bhaga, which join at Tandi near Keylong in Himachal Pradesh Statement 2 is not correct- The Indus flows in India only through the Leh district in Jammu and Kashmir. Statement 3 is correct- Chenab is also known as Chandrabhaga. It flows for 1,180 km before entering into Pakistan Source- 11th NCERT- India: Physical Environment - Page- 24, 25.

5. Match List-I with List-II and Select the correct answer using the code given below:

List-I : River

List-II : Feature

A. Chambal 1. Originates near Rohtang Pass in India

B. Narmada 2. Flows through Shipki la pass

C. Satluj 3. Badland topography

D. Beas 4. Flows through rift valley

Codes

A B C D

(a) 2 1 4 3

(b) 3 4 2 1

(c) 3 4 1 2

(d) 2 1 3 4

Ans: (b) Explanation: The Chambal is famous for its Badland topography called the Chambal ravines The Narmada originates on the western flank of the Amarkantak plateau at a height of about 1,057 m. It flows in a rift valley between the Satpura in the south and the Vindhyan range in the north. Beas is another important tributary of the Indus, originating from the Beas-Kund near the Rohtang Pass at an elevation of 4,000 m above the mean sea level. The river flows through the Kullu valley and forms gorges at Kati and Largi in the Dhaoladhar range. It enters the Punjab plains where it meets the Satluj near Harike. The Satluj originates in the Rakas lake near Mansarovar at an altitude of 4,555 m in Tibet where it is known as Langchen Khambab. It flows almost parallel to the Indus for about 400 km before entering India, and comes out of a gorge at Rupar. It passes through the Shipki La on the Himalayan ranges and enters the Punjab plains

Source: 11th NCERT- India: Physical Environment-Page - 25, 26, 27.