1. Which of the following officers are appointed by the Governor of a State?
1. The Vice-Chancellors of the Universities in the State concerned.
2. The Advocate General of the State concerned.
3. The Chairman of the State Public Service Commission concerned.
4. The State Election Commissioner.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
a) 1 and 4 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1, 2 and 4 only
d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer: d
Explanation:
The executive powers and functions of the Governor in a State include: ∙ The Governor acts as the Chancellor of the Universities in the State. He also appoints the vice chancellors of universities in the state. So, statement 1 is correct.
The Governor appoints the Advocate General of the State and determines his remuneration. The Advocate General holds office during the pleasure of the Governor. So, statement 2 is correct. ∙ The Governor appoints the Chairman and members of the State Public Service Commission. However, they can be removed only by the President of India and not by the Governor of the State concerned. So, statement 3 is correct.
The Governor appoints the State Election Commissioner and determines his conditions of service and tenure of office. So, statement 4 is correct.
However, the State Election Commissioner can be removed only in like manner and on the like grounds as a Judge of a High Court. Therefore, the correct answer is d.
2. Consider the following statements with reference to the National Commission for Safai Karmacharis:
1. It is a constitutional body and serves as a recommendatory body to the Central Government.
2. It was initially constituted with validity up to 1997 but it was later extended indefinitely.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: b
Explanation:
The NCSK was constituted in 1994 as a statutory body under National Commission for Safai Karmacharis (NCSK) Act, 1993. It was made and was valid up to 1997. But it was later extended indefinitely. In 2004, the Act lapsed and since then the NCSK acts as a non-statutory body of the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment. It serves as a recommendatory body to the Central Government regarding specific programmes and policies for the elimination of inequalities in status, and opportunities for Safai Karamcharis. So, Statement (1) is not correct and (2) is correct.
Therefore, the correct answer is b.
3. Indian National Association, also known as Indian Association, was founded by
(a) Lala Lajpat Rai
(b) Surendra Nath Banerjee and Anand Mohan Bose
(c) Dada Bhai Nauroji
(d) Sisir Kumar Ghosh
Answer: b
Explanation:
The Indian Association of Calcutta (also known as the Indian National Association) superseded the Indian League and was founded in 1876 by younger nationalists of Bengal led by Surendranath Banerjea and Ananda Mohan Bose, who were getting discontented with the conservative and pro landlord policies of the British Indian Association.
The Indian Association was the most important of pre-Congress associations and aimed to “promote by every legitimate means the political, intellectual and material advancement of the people.” It set out to—
(i) create a strong public opinion on political questions, and
(ii) unify Indian people in a common political programme.
It protested against the reduction of age limit in 1877 for candidates of the Indian Civil Service examination. The Association demanded simultaneous holding of civil service examination in England and India and Indianisation of higher administrative posts. It led a campaign against the Repressive Arms Act and the Vernacular Press Act.
Therefore, the correct answer is b.
4. Consider the following statements in the context of the status of the Right to Property in India:
1. It protects the private property against legislative action but not against executive action.
2. In case of violation, the aggrieved person can directly move the Supreme Court under Article 32.
3. There is guaranteed right to compensation in case of acquisition of the private property by the State.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) None of the above
Answer: d
Explanation:
The 44th Amendment Act of 1978 abolished the right to property as a Fundamental Right by repealing Article 19(1)(f) and Article 31 from Part III. Instead, the Act inserted a new Article 300A in Part XII under the heading ‘Right to Property’. It provides that no person shall be deprived of his property except by authority of law. Thus, the right to property remains a legal right or a constitutional right, though no longer a fundamental right.
The right to property as a legal right (as distinct from the Fundamental Rights) has the following implications:
a) It can be regulated i.e., curtailed, abridged or modified without a constitutional amendment by an ordinary law of the Parliament.
b) It protects the private property against executive action but not against legislative action. So, statement 1 is not correct.
c) In case of violation, the aggrieved person cannot directly move the Supreme Court under Article 32 (right to constitutional remedies including writs) for its enforcement. He can move the High Court under Article 226. So, statement 2 is not correct.
d) No guaranteed right to compensation in case of acquisition or requisition of the private property by the State. So, statement 3 is not correct.
Therefore, the correct answer is d.
5. Consider the following statements with reference to the International Court of Justice:
1. It is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, situated at the Peace Palace in Geneva.
2. One-third of the Judges of the Court are elected every five years and the Judges are not eligible
for re-election.
3. Opinions provided by the Court in advisory proceedings are essentially advisory and not binding.
Which of the statements given above are not correct?
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: a
Explanation:
The International Court of Justice is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations. It settles disputes between Nation-States in accordance with international law and gives advisory opinions on international legal issues. The ICJ is the only international court that adjudicates general disputes between countries, with its rulings and opinions serving as primary sources of international law. It is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, situated at the Peace Palace in The Hague. So,
Statement (1) is not correct.
In order to ensure a measure of continuity, one-third of the Judges of the Court are elected every three years and Judges are eligible for re-election. So, Statement (2) is not correct. Opinions provided by the International Court of Justice in advisory proceedings are essentially advisory and not binding. So, Statement (3) is correct.
Therefore, the answer is a.